Heart Actions Stroke - 1240 Words

Heart Actions: Stroke The cardiovascular system is mainly to pump blood around the body; it supplies fresh oxygenated blood from the lungs to organs around the body and returns it back again. Arteries supply fresh blood and veins return old blood. By one artery or blood vessel being blocked or damaged the flow of blood to the brain will suddenly stop and result of a stroke. Many consequences will come with a stroke but occupational therapy practitioners make stroke patients lives easier to live with purposeful and innovated interventions. Generally speaking, the force required to circulate blood is given by an engine which is housed almost in the middle of the chest: the heart, which is a pump that operates without stopping for†¦show more content†¦Many theories have been tested in animal models and obeservations to actual patients that have lead to different approaches. Speaking about approches the Neurophysiological Approache is a very common approach used by occupational therpists practicioners in cases of stroke. The Neurophysiological Approach is use to treat motor control deficits after a stroke it is used as a way of traing to return to a normal muscle tone level, and this can help to achieve ADL’s and IADL’s. It is completed through inhibition and/or facilitation of muscle activity by the use of several treatment techniques, electrical and sensory modalities. This develops the capability to use extremities during functional activities. (Krakauer JW, 2006) Moreover; another very beneficial approach for stroke patients receiving occupational therapy is the cognitive retrainig after the stroke. â€Å"Cognitive and/or perceptual deficits that prohibit them from safely taking meds, driving, and completing other higher-order ADLs. Cognitive and perceptual sequelae after stroke may include impairments in memory, attention, initiation, problemsolving, reasoning.† (Ma H Trombly, 2002). Most likely stroke patients tend to haveShow MoreRelatedHealth Policy Of Heart Disease And Stroke806 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Policy of Heart Disease and Stroke Ann B. Hamric et al ( 2014) described policy as the â€Å"authoritative decisions pertaining to health or health care, made in the legislative, executive, or judicial branches of government, that are intended to direct or influence the actions, behavior or decisions of citizens† (p.580). Health care policy should be able to increase access to health care, improve quality of care, and most important shows transparence on cost effectiveness (2014). LeadingRead MoreMultiple Forms Of Stroke : Ischemic Strokes, Hemorrhagic Strokes And Ischemic Attacks1338 Words   |  6 PagesA stroke happens when the blood supply to the brain is either interrupted, blocked or a blood vessel in the brain ruptures. These blockages are often caused by blood clots, which can form in the arteries connecting to the brain. When this happens, there is an insufficient amount of oxygen and nutrients going to the brain, and this causes the brain cells to die. It also is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States (U.S) today. There are three forms of stroke: ischemic strokes, hemorrhagicRead MoreCause And Effect Of Smoking1386 Words   |  6 Pagesgangrene respectively. Smoking has been directly related to many types of cancers and ailments including cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD relates to damage of the heart including heart failure, stroke and the build-up of plaque in the arteries. Approximately one in five people currently living in remote and rural areas suffer from CVD (World Heart Foundation, 2012). A remote and rural area is classified as an area outside of the metropolitan region. Generally, populations in such areas consist of betweenRead MoreIschemic Stroke Rates in Ireland678 Words   |  3 Pagesincidence of stroke with around 10,000 people a year having a stroke. Approximately 2,000 people die each year as a result and approximately 30,000 people within the Irish community are suffering with a disability as a result of stroke. (Irish Heart Foundation, 2011) This essay will discuss the topic of stroke, outlining the pathology of the disorder and discussing the recovery process. There are two major categories which stroke is divided into: Ischemic, which is the cause of 85% of strokes and HaemorrhagicRead MoreMental And Social Aspects Of Kevin Who Is Diagnosed With Atrial Fibrillation1190 Words   |  5 Pagesconcerns above. In addition, it renders a substantial description of pathophysiology of disease, pharmacological management, psychological problems that Kevin may experience and a holistic health care to cope with his needs. According to American Heart Association, people affected with AF are in four groups such as first detected, paroxysmal, persistent and permanent and this division depends on clinical significance. Likewise, there is another classification based on other aspects of the patientRead MoreChild Obesity As An Issue Of Injustice1728 Words   |  7 Pageselse’s. C: Action Non-Government Organization St. Davids should partner with the Heart and Stroke Foundation in order to come together to help eliminate child obesity. The Heart and Stroke Foundation is a non-for-profit organization that has the sole goal of trying to eliminate heart disease and strokes. They believe that obesity can lead to an increase in strokes and heart failures. They have recognized that there is a problem in obesity and that child obesity is a large part of that. Heart and StrokeRead MoreCauses And Symptoms Of Cerebral Vascular Accidents1109 Words   |  5 PagesCerebral vascular accidents are also known as strokes. Strokes can cause minimal to severe brain damage which can affect a person’s quality of life. This paper covers the definition, signs and symptoms, treatments, causes, prevention and what a nursing assistant can do to help someone recovering from a stroke. Definition: According to our American Red Cross Nursing Assistant text a cerebral vascular accident, C.V.A., or stroke occurs when blood ï ¬â€šow to a part of the brain is interrupted. The lossRead MoreCardiovascular Diseases ( Cvds ) Are A Group Of Disorders Of The Heart And Blood Vessels881 Words   |  4 Pagesgroup of disorders of the heart and blood vessels.† These include coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. CVD has been a main public health topic since the late 1990s because of its high prevalence. â€Å"Nearly 800,000 people die in the U.S. each year from cardiovascular disease, accounting for 1 in 3 deaths and more than $300 billion in direct medical costs and lost productivity† (CDC Looks Ahead: 13 Public Health Issues in 2013). In 2002 the CDC put together an action plan to help combat thisRead MoreWhy Cholesterol And Know What Your Cholesterol Levels Actually Mean950 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013), â €Å"high cholesterol is a major risk factor for heart disease which is currently the leading cause of death in the United States.† Preventive recommendations for cholesterol screening among young adults vary, but most experts agree on the need to screen young adults who have other risk factors for heart disease or stroke such as obesity, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, and factors tied to family history. Statistics show thatRead MoreHeart Attack : Myocardial Infarction1647 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribe this disease, and define each of the terms. â€Å"Heart Attack: Myocardial Infarction â€Å" 1. Coronary thrombosis - is when a clot forms inside one of the arteries in the heart. This clot will block blood flow resulting in a heart attack. 2. Coronary occlusion- is an obstruction of a coronary artery which blocks blood flow.   3. STEMI heart attack- is the same as a coronary occlusion except the coronary artery is completely blocked. 4. NSTEMI heart attack- is found through a test to see if there is

Battle Royal Free Essays

Battle Royal Ralph Ellison begins the short story, â€Å"Battle Royal†, in some what of a state of confusion. The nameless narrator informs the reader that he has been essentially lost in the early twenty years of his life. The narrator’s grandfather adds to his confusion and the overall purpose of the story. We will write a custom essay sample on Battle Royal or any similar topic only for you Order Now While on his death bed, the grandfather claims to be a traitor and a spy. He charges his family to â€Å"overcome ‘em with yesesâ€Å"(258, paragraph 2) and â€Å"undermine ‘em with grins†(258, paragraph 2) as he lays preparing for death. A point that the narrator subconsciously internalized, the reader sees through the series of actions and point of view of the narrator the use of role playing among blacks. For if this method is followed, blacks are able to refuse internally to accept second class status, protect their own self respect, and avoid betraying themselves or each other. The grandfather’s words had a tremendous effect on the psyche of the narrator. Almost like a puzzle that couldn’t be solved that lay in the back of his mind. At points he found his self resenting his grandfather’s words regardless of the success he obtained. In spite of this, he still could see his self through his actions carrying out his grandfather’s advice of meekness and humility towards the white man. On the narrator’s graduation day he delivered a speech which showed that â€Å"humility was the secret, indeed, the very essence of progress. †(248, paragraph 3). For this speech, he gained praise from the white men of the town, because he exhibited the attitude that the white man thought to be â€Å"desirable conduct†(248, paragraph 3). He was then invited to give the speech on behalf of the town’s leading officials. Ellison uses the example of the narrator’s speech of humility to show that the white man in that time period can be manipulated. The narrator conveys humbleness in his speech to the white man, without showing any idea of equality to him. In return, the narrator is rewarded and invited to give his speech among more â€Å"white men†. This being an achievement that the socially conscious black man pushing for equality would have never accomplished during this time period. Upon arrival at the town meeting to give his speech he quickly realizes that it is not exactly what he had been expecting. He was then convinced or almost forced to participate in a Battle Royal amongst other black males who were not there to give any type of speech. The Battle Royal included several acts of self degradation towards the narrator and other black males. Through these actions we can see that the white men saw blacks as animals, and that the narrator was no different. Regardless of whether he was there for a speech or not, he was still forced to participate. In this way the white men showed their superior attitude towards the black males, the attitude that his grandfather taught him how to overcome with humility. As Ellison points out by saying, â€Å"They were tough guys who seemed to have no grandfather’s curse worrying their minds†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. In those pre-invisible days I visualized myself as a potential Booker T. Washington†(248- 249, paragraph 4). The narrator not only shows humility in his speech but also through the scenes that take place in Battle Royal. He keeps the thought of his grandfather’s words at the fore front of his mind, as he goes through the harsh acts forced upon him by the white men during the battle royal, in hopes of giving his speech. In fact, the narrator was abused brutally both mentally and physically to the point where he could barely stand. Yet he still was persistent in wanting to give his speech. Ellison in this scene shows how blacks must be strong minded and willing to become completely humble in the eyes of the white man in order for the method to work. After the battle royal, the narrator was finally able to give his speech among the white men. Notably, after he was already dismissed with the other black males and then told to come back. The narrator relishes at the thought of giving his speech and begins to speak amongst the white men. It was not until his mouth began to dry and fill up with blood from his wounds, that he realized the white men were still laughing and talking. With thoughts of giving up and leaving in his head, he decided to continue with his speech. As he proceeded, the white men yelled for him to repeat words that were of three or more syllables, mocking him. He made a mistake and yelled social equality as the white men taunted him. The white men quickly put him in his place. Once the narrator was finished, he was presented with a briefcase and scholarship to a negro college. The scene of the final speech demonstrated how even though the white men did not respect him they still granted him with a briefcase and a scholarship. They did this because he exhibited once again humility towards them, making them feel superior. The second he mentioned the word â€Å"equality† he was quickly corrected, for they did not believe blacks and whites could be equal. By showing humbleness, the nameless nar rator gained exactly what he wanted from the white man without pushing for equality externally but internally. How to cite Battle Royal, Essay examples Battle Royal Free Essays Slavery might end with the signing of a piece of paper, but ending racism is something different entirely. Growing up in the south as a black man surrounded by passive racism and backhanded comments, is a disastrous force to constantly push on a developing mind. â€Å"Battle Royal† is about a young black man following in what he thought was his grandfather’s footsteps. We will write a custom essay sample on Battle Royal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Until on his deathbed his grandfather admits the truth. He calls himself a traitor and a spy; in reference to all the kind deeds and smiles he has been giving out his entire life. This young man has been mirroring his grandfather’s actions but completely missing the meanings behind them. To confront subconscious internal conflicts within ones self, a young black man must go against his inherent reactions to his surroundings and think about the true reasons behind his actions. Like all teenagers, this young black man is starting to realize life isn’t what he thought it was going to be. He starts thinking, about life, his future, what to do and what there is to do. He starts asking questions, asking everyone he knows. Some answers are good and some are bad, some contradict others and some contradict themselves, but he accepts them all. After all something is better than nothing right? He assumes everyone else has it figured out but him. Without much to build off of along with his grandfather’s seemingly contradictory statement about life, it was difficult to understand it all. Starting out at step one and using advice that was a product of years and years of profound thought coming from a fully developed brain, is almost an impossible task. But anything worth doing is never easy. If someone is very charitable it is safe to say that that person is kind and loving, but maybe that person isn’t acting so simply. Maybe he is incompetent and completely dependent on others, constantly in debt and when he gets anything he knows he needs to give it away so when he is in the hole again he has someone to lean on. No action is simple no thought is simple and a society is a combination of a thousand thoughts and actions all happening at the same time. In order to progress ones self mentally one needs to think under the surface, think at the root of thought break it down to as concrete of evidence that that person is capable of and build up from there. To no longer be ashamed of ones grandparents being slaves, but to be ashamed of being ashamed. This young black man was born into a society of whites that hate blacks but pretend they don’t. His grandfather was born a slave and was set free. It was much easier for the grandfather to understand what he had to do. He knew that the white man hated him, but now there wasn’t anything they could do about it, he was a free man. He knew he needed to â€Å"live with his head in the lions mouth†. In this time in the south white people hated black people, but ever since the Emancipation Proclamation they needed to treat them like equals, but there are plenty of white people that hate each other simply because some people deserve to be hated. In light of this the grandfather new that he could never give the white folks a reason to hate him. With every backhanded comment he would return a wholehearted compliment, with every trip and shove he would smile and apologies, he would do everything he could for these people because he knew deep down inside they loathed him for it, even if they couldn’t admit it to themselves. Show humility, but keep your pride. Never let the white man pretend they are doing anything for you, never accept anything from them only burry them in the ground with smiles. Showing humility can put your head in the sky but having your pride will keep you feet on the ground. The young man in the story wrote a â€Å"false† speech on humility knowing that it was wrong but not yet understanding why. This speech wins him a competition and he is invited to a battle royal to present his speech. In which he willingly watches a naked girl dance around and nearly get raped. He participates in a fight for the amusement of rich white men. He crawls on his hands and knees for money on an electrified mat like a fool and a beggar. Is driven to swallow mouthful after mouthful of his own blood during the presentation of his own speech. Ending with his school principle walking out and giving him a scholarship, a gift for the poor nigger. This young black man had the right idea to show humility, take the white mans orders, do what he says but don’t let him pretend he’s doing it for you. His head was in the clouds but his feet didn’t stay on the ground. He should have understood why his speech was false. He should have turned around when the girl was dancing. Yes he should have participated in the fight but only to take punches never give them to leave his guard down. He should have taken the shock of the mat but not the money. When he was giving his speech he should have spit out every drop of blood in his mouth unless he were to save it to spit on his principles gift of a scholarship, or in other words claim of ownership. Do what they say, but don’t let them pretend they’re doing something they’re not. I do not believe that this tory was about the young boys transformation into adult hood, but rather the major events in his life that sparked the ideas that will later grow into a deeper understanding of the world and maturity. The boy did not change throughout the story, too much happened too fast, for him to be able to keep up with it all. The story ends with the boy having a dream with his grandfather laughing at him because of his scholarship, and stating that he might understand what it means after going to colle ge. Recognizing that the boy has yet to confront the unharmonious relationship between his conscious and subconscious. How to cite Battle Royal, Papers

Muslim Vs. Muslim Essays - Monotheistic Religions, Islam, Haram

Muslim Vs. Muslim It may seem similar and it may not, but what we do know, is that they both believe that they are Muslims. The Islamic beliefs of the black American male and the males of the Middle East are the same. My argument lies in the question of whether or not Africans can call themselves true Muslims, believers and followers of the Islamic faith. To be considered a true Muslim you must follow the rules and regulations of the Islamic faith. What is Islam? Islam is defined as the complete acceptance of and obedience to the teachings of Allah (I. A. Ibrahim 45) As a Muslim you are to believe in Allah, who is incomparable. He has no son nor does he have a partner, he is unique and he is one. You shall not worship, magnify, or pay tribute to any other, for all others are false. Yet we see otherwise in Africans who call themselves Muslims. In John S. Mbiti's book, Introduction to African Religion he states traditional African beliefs mixes those of Islam to suit the requirements of the people concerned so they get the best out of both religions (188-189). How can one say such a thing? To believe in something is to fight for it, is to die for it. You can not get the best of a religion if you do not fully believe in it. You should not adopt the way of dress and some other cultural forms (Mbiti 189), just to suite a community. Religion is something that is held dear to the heart of many people and to mix and mingle them does not allow you to truly believe in one. When you convert to a religion it is not to convert halfway, it is not to convert three- fourths of the way, but to convert all the way. It is stated that even if Africans convert to another religion, they do not completely abandon the traditional religions (Mbiti 14) Here we see that the first real defiance has already occur. By mixing the two would not you be doing an injustice to the true believers of the Islamic faith and defying Allah the leader of the Islamic faith. in addition, are you not doing an injustice to the rites and rituals to the Gods, Spirits, and Divinities of the African religion? How can you please the leader/leaders of these separate religions if you are not even following them fully with your heart, mind, body and soul? I can not see how you can be a true religious follower or worshiper of any sort if you do not believe with all of you. If we look at the Hausas of the Habe kingdom in northern Africa we can see despite their nominal adherence to Islam, they continue to practice spirit possession and animal sacrifice. They eat pork, let their women appear in public unveiled, engage in prohibited degrees of marriage, and practical matrilineal inheritance (Ray 179) Islamic practices set strict standard and regulations that Muslims must follow. It is without a doubt that the Hausas have sin. They knowingly and continuously practice what is Al-Haram. Al-Haram is something that is unlawful or prohibited. As we have witnessed it is without a doubt, a sin to worship any other, but Allah. Furthermore, they commited and engaged in five more sins against the Islamic creed. It is Haram (strictly prohibited) to eat flesh of dead animals, that died of natural causes or had been strangled, beaten, or partly eaten by a wild beast (Elmastry 78). Animals must also be slaughtered by a sharp object so that the animals are able to bleed from their blood vessels. It is also Haram to eat any swine, pork of any sort. Before being slaughtered Allah's name must be mention for giving such bounty (Elmastry 78). It is Haram for woman to wear clothes that is transparent and body tight, they are also to have their body covered, leaving only their hands and face to be seen (Elmastry 79). It is also Haram for men to take any of their wive's money or property before you marry, during the marriage and after marriage. It is solely the mans responsibility to

The Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate The Abbasid Caliphate, which ruled most of the Muslim world from Baghdad in what is now Iraq, lasted from 750 to 1258 A.D. It was the third Islamic caliphate and overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate to take power in all but the western-most fringe of Muslim holdings at that time- Spain and Portugal, known then as the al-Andalus region. After they defeated the Ummayads, with significant Persian assistance, the Abbasids decided to de-emphasize ethnic Arabs and recreate the Muslim caliphate as a multi-ethnic entity. As part of that reorganization, in 762 they moved the capital from Damascus, in what is now Syria, northeast to Baghdad, not far from Persia in present-day Iran. Early Period of the New Caliphate Early in the Abbasid period, Islam exploded across Central Asia, although usually the elites converted and their religion trickled down gradually to ordinary people. This, however, was not conversion by the sword. Incredibly, just one year after the fall of the Umayyads, an Abbasid army was fighting against the Tang Chinese in what is now Kyrgyzstan, in the  Battle of Talas River  in 759. Although Talas River seemed like just a small skirmish, it had important consequences- it helped to set the boundary between the Buddhist and Muslim spheres in Asia and also allowed the Arab world to learn the secret of paper-making from captured Chinese artisans. The Abbasid period is considered a Golden Age for Islam. Abbasid caliphs sponsored great artists and scientists and great medical, astronomical, and other scientific texts from the classical period in Greece and Rome were translated into Arabic, saving them from being lost. While Europe languished in what was once called its Dark Ages, thinkers in the Muslim world expanded upon the theories of Euclid and Ptolemy. They invented algebra, named stars like Altair and Aldebaran and even used hypodermic needles to remove cataracts from human eyes. This was also the world that produced the stories of the Arabian Nights- the tales of Ali Baba, Sinbad the Sailor, and Aladdin came from the Abbasid era. The Fall of the Abbasid The Golden Age of the Abbasid Caliphate ended on February 10, 1258, when Genghis Khans grandson, Hulagu Khan, sacked Baghdad. The Mongols burned the great library in the Abbasid capital and killed the Caliph Al-Mustasim. Between 1261 and 1517, surviving Abbasid caliphs lived under Mamluk rule in Egypt, wielding more or less control over religious matters while having little to no political power. The last Abbasid caliph, Al-Mutawakkil III, supposedly handed over the title to the Ottoman Sultan Selim The First in 1517. Still, what was left of the destroyed libraries and scientific buildings of the capital lived on in Islamic culture- as did the pursuit of knowledge and understanding, especially concerning medicine and science. And although the Abbasid Caliphate was considered Islams greatest in history, it would certainly not be the last time a similar rule took over the Middle East.

Koala Facts

Koala Facts Koalas are marsupials that are native to the Australian continent. Their scientific name, Phascolarctos cinereus, is derived from several Greek words meaning pouch bear (phaskolos arktos) and having an ashen appearance (cinereus). They are often called koala bears, but that is scientifically incorrect, since they are not bears. Their most distinctive characteristics are their fluffy ears and their spoon shaped noses. Koalas are most often found in the southern and eastern areas of the continent. Fast Facts: Koala Scientific Name: Phascolarctos cinereusCommon Names: Koala bearOrder: DiprotodontiaBasic Animal Group: MammalsDistinguishing Characteristics: Spoon shaped noses and fluffy earsAverage Size: 2 - 3 feet in heightAverage Weight: 20 - 25 poundsLife Span: 12 - 18 yearsDiet: HerbivoreHabitat: Forests and woodlands in AustraliaPopulation: Approximately 100,000 - 500,000Conservation Status: VulnerableFun Fact: Koala babies, called joeys, are blind at birth. Description Koalas are best known for their round body appearance and their distinctive ears and nose. Like other marsupials, females have a permanent pouch for raising young. Koala pouches are positioned in the lower portion of a koalas body. The pouches open outward so a joey (baby) can climb into it from the birth canal. When a joey is present, its mother uses her sphincter muscles to make sure that the pouch is closed so that her baby wont fall out. Koalas are uniquely suited for living their life in trees. Their paws help them to expertly grip and climb trees. The pads on their paws are very rough and help with their gripping ability. Each paw has five digits. The front paws have two digits that are opposed to the remaining three digits. This helps with their grip strength while climbing. Their fur, which is typically light gray or brown, is very thick and helps to protect them from both low and high temperature conditions. konmesa / Getty Images Koalas are usually between 2 to 3 feet in height and can weigh up to approximately 25 pounds. Other physical characteristics of koalas are their lack of a tail and their long limbs for their body size. Their tail is considered a vestigial structure and is thought to have been lost due to evolutionary adaptation. They also have one of the smallest brain-to-body-weight ratio of any mammal and are not considered to be very intelligent creatures. Habitat and Distribution Koalas live in Australia in a variety of habitats from forests to woodlands. Their preferred habitats are forests composed of eucalyptus trees, where they are able to survive very high up in the trees. They are found in New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, and South Australia. Diet and Behavior This is an image of a koala eating eucalyptus in Queensland, Australia.   georgeclerk/E/Getty Images The koalas diet consists mainly of eucalyptus leaves. They can eat a pound to two pounds of leaves a day and have developed specialized structures to aid in the digestion of so much foliage. Their intestines (caecum) can be 7 to 8 feet in length. Although eucalyptus can be poisonous to most animals, symbiotic bacteria are present in their intestinal pouch which break down the toxic substances like tannins found in eucalyptus leaves. Generally speaking, koalas are solitary animals. Each koala has a home range of a number of eucalyptus trees in a given area. The size of this range can vary depending on the koalas status, sex, and habitat quality. A dominant male for example, may have a comparatively larger area. Ranges for different koalas overlap, which allows koalas to have social interaction with others in their vicinity. Koalas are mostly nocturnal. They are not very active animals and spend a large portion of their time sitting or sleeping to conserve energy. Eucalyptus leaves are difficult to digest and require a considerable amount of energy expenditure. Koalas can sleep for up to 17 to 20 hours a day. Reproduction and Offspring A koala joey remains in its mothers pouch for the first months of its life.   Bruce Lichtenberger/Photolibrary/Getty Images Plus Koalas typically breed from August to February. Male koalas attract the females through their loud vocal bellows. Females usually have one baby koala per year, producing some six or so offspring over the course of their lifetime, since females dont always breed each year. After becoming impregnated, a koala will give birth after a gestation period of a little longer than a month (about 35 days). The baby is called a joey and is usually very small. The baby may weigh under .0025 pounds and be under an inch long, about the size of an almond. The joey is blind at birth and doesnt have any hair. It travels from the birth canal to its mothers pouch, where it will remain for approximately the first six to seven months of its life. Even after developing to the point that it is no longer in its mothers pouch, the joey will often remain with its mother until its next brother or sister appears outside the mothers pouch the following year. Threats Koalas are mainly threatened by habitat loss. Human encroachment on their habitat from land clearing has a large impact on their survival. They can also be impacted by bush-fires and disease. Koalas are susceptible to the bacteria that cause chlamydia. This disease can lead to the development of conjunctivitis, an eye infection that may result in blindness. Chlamydia may also result in pneumonia and infections of the urinary tract and reproductive systems. Incidences of complications from chlamydia increase in koala populations that experience high environmental stress. Conservation Status Koalas are designated as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). According to the IUCN, approximately 100,000 to 500,000 animals are left in the wild. While koalas themselves have some protection under the law, their population continues to decrease mainly due to loss of habitat. The Koala Protection Act is proposed legislation in Australia to help protect the koalas habitat. The Australian Koala Foundation believes that there are less than 100,000 left in the wild, and even as few as 43,000. Species There is one species of koala, but scientists disagree whether or not there are sub-species. The most common three sub-species of koalas are considered to be: Phascolarctos cinereus adustus (Northern/Queensland), Phascolarctos cinereus cinereus (New South Wales) and Phascolarctos cinereus victor (Victorian). These sub-species are classified based on slightly different physical characteristics like physical size and fur properties. Based on these characteristics, some scientists believe that there are three sub-species, others two, and others none. Koalas and Humans This girl is feeding a koala.   Peter Phipp/Photographers Choice/Getty Images Plus Humans and koalas have a long and varied history. Beginning in the early 1900s over a million were killed for their fur. The population of koalas was in danger of being wiped out before the practice stopped. Koalas can be very aggressive when disturbed or surprised by humans in their natural habitats. They defend themselves with their sharp teeth and pointed claws which are similar to talons. These structures are capable of shredding skin and can inflict considerable damage. Sources Koala. National Geographic, 21 Sept. 2018, www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/k/koala/.  Koala. San Diego Zoo Global Animals and Plants, animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/koala.Physical Characteristics of the Koala. Australian Koala Foundation, www.savethekoala.com/about-koalas/physical-characteristics-koala.  The Life of a Koala . Australian Koala Foundation, www.savethekoala.com/about-koalas/life-koala.

Analysis of The Samurai Spirit Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of The Samurai Spirit - Article Example Paradoxically, a more careful study of the Samurai, their code of conduct, and their philosophy show their way of life to be simple, austere, balanced, and contemplative. These attributes are reflected in their customs, art, and architecture. The Samurai originated as Japan’s pre-modern warriors who quelled the uprising of the native Emishi tribe during the Heian Period. Subsequently, these warriors found themselves in the hire of wealthy landowners (known as feudal lords) who grew apart and eventually declared themselves independent from the central government and raised their own private armies. When the country was finally reunited again late in the 1500s under the Edo period, the Samurai were positioned at the top of the social caste system. Because of their mandate to defend their feudal lord or emperor, the Samurai developed an unquestioning loyalty and a reputation for fierce fighting skills and, therefore, were regarded In order to preserve the caste distinctions that emerged during the Edo Period, the Samurai were forced to reside in districts designated for them, in homes with a characteristic architectural style. The typical Samurai residence (sometimes called Samurai castle) is expansive and spacious, partly because the Samurai is accorded a level of prestige, and partly because he housed a sizeable retinue. As an illustration, the Aizu Bukeyashiki (Aizu Samurai residence) is depicted in the pictures shown at the end. This edifice served as the quarters that housed the highest rank and most revered Samurai, his family, employees, and servants (Japan-Guide.com, 2012). There are a variety of rooms and section, numbering several dozen; these would include a teahouse, gardens, an archery range, a rice mill, and of course several guest rooms. The Samurai is also known as ‘bushi,’ from the term Bushido which literally translates to â€Å"The Way of the Warrior† (some bifurcations of the word could be more closely translated to à ¢â‚¬Å"way of the sword† - Marshall, 2012). The Bushido is the unwritten code of conduct and morality that embodies the standards of moral principles by which the Samurai were sworn to live by. The code, while evolving through the centuries, manifests the profound influence of Zen Buddhism, Confucianism, and Shintoism. These elements may be found in the painting, poetry, and lifestyle of the Samurai; for instance, the preparation and serving of tea (a Chinese legacy) has been elevated into an art form in the cha no yu or ‘tea ceremony’. The cha no yu is a metaphor for the Zen Buddhist influence in the Samurai lifestyle as well as the Japanese way of life – ‘Complicated and yet utterly simple, at once straightforward and deep’ (West & Seal, 2012).  Ã‚  

Outlined the advantages and disadvantages of drinking bottled water Essay

Outlined the advantages and disadvantages of drinking bottled water - Essay Example In this assay, I will outline the advantages and disadvantages of drinking bottle water. Bottled water has several advantages which have won the consumer confidence since introduction. To start with, there is a lot of convenience in the use of bottled water (Lopez 2012, p 160). This is because, it is easily get bottled water from most retail centres, and therefore, there is no need to worry about the availability of drinking water as long as there is a retail centre nearby. In addition, the packaging itself makes bottled water easy to access and drink since there is no need to have additional requirement when using a small PET bottle for example, a cup as would be in the case of drinking tap water. On the other hand, bottled water is most preferred compared to the soft drinks, which are the close competitors. This is because, ‘they are calorie free, generally sodium free or low in sodium and quench one’s thirst better than the soft drinks’ (Brown 2014, P. 25). In fact, Lopez (2013), noted that ‘bottled water is relatively healthier than sugared soft drinks’. This explains why most people in the recent days would spend more to buy bottled water instead of a soft drink which initially was greatly accepted. In addition to the low calorific value of bottled drinking water, the packaging prevents environmental pollutants from getting into contact with drinking water. According to Queiroz et al. (2012), concerns about outbreak of water borne diseases and environmental pollution have necessitated bottling of drinking water. Actually, it is normal to hear cases where wastewaters have contaminated the sources of tap water. In addition, the different gases and liquid waste emitted from the industries somehow find way in to the rivers and dams that are the main sources of tap water. This in turn has made people to lose trust in tapped water and elevate the need for bottled water in the modern families. Lastly, with bottled water, there is